8.1 Electrical Engineering
Attribute Descriptions
None at this time.
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IN THIS SECTION: Transformers | Variable Frequency Drives | Metering | Building Automation System - Interface from Electrical Systems
Interior Electrical Distribution | Arc- Flash Reduction Maintenance Switches (ARMS) and Arc Flash Barriers | Surge Protection Devices
Lightning Protection Systems (LPS) | Grounding | Uninteruptible Power Systems (ABS)
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Transformers | ||||||||||
| Efficiencies for Network Transformers and Substation Transformers (<= 600V Secondary & <=34.5 KV Primary) | NEMA TP-1-2002 | 10% less losses than NEMA TP-1-2002 | 20% less losses than NEMA TP-1 -2002 | 25% less losses than NEMA TP-1-2002 | Yes | Submit certified performance data for each unit | NEMA TP-1 -2002 | Describe transformer efficiency requirements. | Verify submittals and certified performance data from manufacturer for supplied transformer units to verify compliance. | |
| Insulating fluid for oil-filled Network Transformers and Substation Transformers (<= 600V Secondary & <=34.5 KV Primary) | 65 C° non-petroleum-based insulating-oil | 65 C° non-petroleum-based insulating-oil | 65 C° FR3 non-petroleum-based insulating-oil | 65 C° FR3 non-petroleum-based insulating-oil | Yes | NEMA TP-1-2002 | Describe transformer insulating fluid requirements. | Verify submittals and certified performance data from manufacturer for supplied transformer units to verify compliance. | ||
| Efficiencies for Low-voltage Distribution Transformers (120/208 3Ph, 4W Secondary; 480V, 3Ph, 3W Primary) | NEMA TP-1-2002 | 10 Percent less losses than NEMA TP-1 -2002 | 20 Percent less losses than NEMA TP-1 -2002 | 25 Percent less losses than NEMA TP-1 -2002 | Certified Representative Factory Test Report | NEMA TP-1-2002 | Describe low voltage distribution transformer efficiencies. | Verify submittals and certified performance data from manufacturer for supplied transformer units to verify compliance. | ||
| Impedance for Low-voltage Distribution Transformers (120/208 3Ph, 4W Secondary; 480V, 3Ph, 3W Primary) | >4 %Z | >4 %Z | >4 %Z | >5 %Z | Certified Representative Factory Test Report | NEMA TP-1-2002 | Describe transformer impedence requirements. | Verify submittals and certified performance data from manufacturer for supplied transformer units to verify compliance. | ||
| Harmonic Rated Transformers & Harmonic Mitigating Transformers | K-13 w/200% neutral >4% Z | K-20 w/200% neutral >4% Z | Zig-Zag 3rd Harmonic Mitigating Transformers (0 degree, and 30 degree), Copper windings, >4% Z, K13 (Match 0 and 30 degree transformers in distribution for harmonic mitigation of 5th and 7th order harmonics) | Zig-Zag 3rd Harmonic Mitigating Transformers (0 degree, 15 degree and 30 degree), Copper windings, >4% Z, K13 (Match 0, 15 and 30 degree transformers in distribution for harmonic mitigation of 5th and 7th order harmonics) | Certified Representative Factory Test Report | NEMA TP-1-2002 | Describe transformer harmonic requirements. | Verify submittals and certified performance data from manufacturer for supplied transformer units to verify compliance. | ||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Variable Frequency Drives | ||||||||||
| Use on motors 5HP (3.7kW) to 25 Hp (18.7kW) | 6-pulse width modulation (PWM) IGBT Drives | 6-pulse width modulation (PWM) IGBT Drives Passive Harmonic Filtration <5% THD Current at Drive Terminals | 6-pulse width modulation (PWM) IGBT Drives Active Harmonic Filtration <5% THD Current at Drive Terminals | 6-pulse width modulation (PWM) IGBT Drives IGBT Front End <5% THD Current at Drive Terminals >95% Input Power Factor | IEEE 519 5% Current THD at Drive Input Terminals, IEEE 519 3% Voltage THD in at Sensitive Equipment Panels, and 5% Voltage THD at 480/277 Transformer Secondary Terminals | Describe VFD requirements to show compliance with metrics. | Verify submittals and certified performance data from manufacturer for supplied VFD's s to verify compliance. | |||
| Use on motors 30HP (22.4kW) to 100HP (74.6 kW) | 6-pulse width modulation (PWM) IGBT Drives. Provide 12 or 18 pulse where the harmonic analysis indicates noncompliance | 12-pulse width modulation IGBT Drives with integral input phase shifting transformers (PWM) <= 5% THD Current at Drive Terminals | 18-pulse width modulation IGBT Drives with integral input phase shifting transformers (PWM) <= 5% THD Current at Drive Terminals | 18-pulse width modulation IGBT Drives with integral input phase shifting transformers (PWM) <= 5% THD Current at Drive Terminals | IEEE 519 5% Current THD at Drive Input Terminals, IEEE 519 3% Voltage THD in at Sensitive Equipment Panels, and 5% Voltage THD at 480/277 Transformer Secondary Terminals | Describe VFD requirements to show compliance with metrics. | Verify submittals and certified performance data from manufacturer for supplied VFD's s to verify compliance. | |||
| Use on motors 125HP (93.3kW) and larger | 18-pulse width modulation IGBT Drives with integral input phase shifting transformers (PWM) <= 5% THD Current at Drive Terminals | 18-pulse width modulation IGBT Drives with integral input phase shifting transformers (PWM) <= 5% THD Current at Drive Terminals | 18-pulse width modulation IGBT Drives with integral input phase shifting transformers (PWM) <= 5% THD Current at Drive Terminals | 18-pulse width modulation IGBT Drives with integral input phase shifting transformers (PWM) <= 5% THD Current at Drive Terminals | IEEE 519 5% Current THD at Drive Input Terminals, IEEE 519 3% Voltage THD in at Sensitive Equipment Panels, and 5% Voltage THD at 480/277 Transformer Secondary Terminals | Describe VFD requirements to show compliance with metrics. | Verify submittals and certified performance data from manufacturer for supplied VFD's s to verify compliance. | |||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Metering | ||||||||||
| Metering at Building Mains | Voltmeter reading all phase to phase and phase to neutral voltages. Switchable ammeter and three-phase totalizing watt-hour meter. The power meter should be pulse-type and digital networked and/or tied into the Advanced Metering System. | Utility Class 0.2%, (Phase Volts, Phase Currents, Neutral Currents, Ground Currents, power consumption KWH, adjustable power demand KW, KVA & KVAR, Power Factor) | Utility Class 0.2% (Phase Volts, Phase Currents, Neutral Currents, Ground Currents, power consumption KWH, adjustable power demand KW,KVA & KVAR, Power Factor), Harmonic Waveform Analysis | Utility Class 0.2% (Phase Volts, Phase Currents, Neutral Currents, Ground Currents, power consumption KWH, power demand KVA & KVAR, Power Factor), Harmonic Waveform Analysis, and Transient Disturbance Monitoring for capture, remote alarm monitoring and disturbance download to laptop | Yes | Yes | ANSI C12.1 & C12.20 | Describe building electrical meter requirements and show on single line diagram. | Verify submittals and supplied meter specifications to verify compliance. | |
| Metering for Building Feeders | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control and to coordinate with ECMs for M&V (KW, KVA Demand, KWH) | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control and to coordinate with ECMs for M&V (KW, KVA Demand, KWH) | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control and to coordinate with ECMs for M&V (KW, KVA Demand, KWH) | Yes | Describe building electrical sub-metering requirements and show on single line diagram. | Verify submittals and supplied meter specifications to verify compliance. | |||
| Metering Trending | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control and with trending configured to coordinate with ECMs for M&V (KW, KVA Demand, KWH) | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control and with trending configured to coordinate with ECMs for M&V (KW, KVA Demand, KWH) | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control and with trending configured to coordinate with ECMs for M&V (KW, KVA Demand, KWH) | Yes | Describe electrical metering scheme and trend requirements. | Verify submittals and supplied meter specifications to verify compliance. | |||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Building Automation System - Interface from Electrical Systems | ||||||||||
| Electrical Meters input to BAS and graphic displays | MODBUS / TCP / IP Protocol Meters / BACnet / LonWorks protocol Meters to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring. The power meter should be networked and/or tied into the Advanced Metering System. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol Meters to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring and graphics. Interfaced to BAS and configured for Advanced Metering System. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol Meters to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring and graphics (also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end) | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol Meters to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring and graphics (also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end) and Wireless Submeters | Yes | Yes | ANSI C12.1 & C12.20; EPACT 2005, EISA 2007 - Section 434(b) | Describe meter/BAS interface requirements. | Verify interface with BAS system and confirm metering data to verify compliance. | |
| PV Systems Input to BAS and graphic displays | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for alarms. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for power measurements (KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH), status and alarms. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for power measurements [KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH}, status and alarms. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | Yes | eMerge Alliance 24VDC Occupied Space Standard | Describe PV system metering/BAS interface requirements. | Verify interface with BAS system and confirm indicated metered data to verify compliance. | ||
| Automatic Transfer Switches input to BAS and graphic displays | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for ATS status (also ethernet for TCP/IP for ATS customized graphical GUI at BAS front end). | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for power measurements (KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH) status, and alarms. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for power measurements (KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH) status, and alarms. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | Describe ATS/BAS interface requirements. | Verify interface with BAS system and confirm indicated metered data to verify compliance. | |||||
| Standby Generator input to BAS and graphic displays | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for generator status and alarms. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for power measurements (KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH) and generator status and alarms (NFPA 110 status and alarms). | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for power measurements (KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH) and generator status and alarms (NFPA 110 status and alarms). Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | Describe Standby Generator/BAS interface requirements. | Verify interface with BAS system and confirm indicated metered data to verify compliance. | |||||
| Uninterruptible Power Systems input to BAS and graphic displays | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for alarms (also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end). | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for power measurements (KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH) and alarms. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for power measurements (KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH) and alarms. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | Yes | Describe UPS/BAS interface requirements. | Verify interface with BAS system and confirm indicated metered data to verify compliance. | ||||
| Variable Frequency Drives Input to BAS and graphic displays | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for power measurements (KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH, Amps, % speed), status( HOA, run, bypass), troubles, and alarms. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | Yes | Describe VFD/BAS interface requirements. | Verify interface with BAS system and confirm indicated metered data to verify compliance. | ||||
| Motor Starters Input to BAS and graphic displays | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers. | MODBUS / TCP / IP / BACnet / LonWorks Protocol to match BAS with twisted pair to BAS for monitoring data registers and graphics screens for status (HOA, run), power measurements (KW, KVA, Power Factor, KWH), and alarms. Also ethernet for TCP/IP for metering customized graphical GUI at BAS front end. | Yes | Describe motor starters/BAS interface requirements. | Verify interface with BAS system and confirm indicated metered data to verify compliance. | ||||
| Additional computer-based BAS interface requirements | DDC using BACnet or LonTalk open communication protocols | IP sensors, thermostats, & devices | Wireless selfpowered switches & devices | Wireless selfpowered switches & devices | Yes | Yes | EnOcean Alliance | Describe BAS interface requirements with switches and devices. | Verify interface with BAS system and confirm indicated devices to verify compliance. | |
| Additional computer-based BAS interface requirements | Energy management & monitoring software | Interface with smart phones & tablets | Interface with smart phones & tablets | Interface with smart phones & tablets | Yes | Yes | Provide BAS interface requirements with smart phones and tablets. | Verify interface with BAS system and confirm indicated devices to verify compliance. | ||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Interior Electrical Distribution | ||||||||||
| Energy saving controls for automatic interruption of non-critical power after operating hours | Time of day scheduling for auto shutdown of task lighting receptacle circuits or integrate occupancy sensors with task lights. | Time of Day controllable branch panel breakers for automatic shutdown of computers, displays and task lighting after scheduled hours | IT network smart controls for automatic hot standby after initial period of inactivity & automatic power down after extended period of inactivity. Automatic controls for automatic shutdown of task lighting or time of day scheduling for auto shutdown of task lighting receptacle circuits or integrate occupancy sensors with task lights. | Yes | ASHRAE 90.1, LEED M&V Strandards | Describe scheme for automatic shut down of lighting and computer/display and task lighting circuits. | Verify shut down of stated loads after installation of systems to verify control sequences and shut down of stated loads after scheduled hours. | |||
| Distribution for Energy Monitoring | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control and to measure individual Energy Cost-saving Measures (ECM) for M&V (KW, KVA Demand, KWH). | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control with meters for separate load types (1. Lighting loads, 2. Receptacle loads, 3. Motor loads (VFD's), 4. Motor loads (Non-VFD's), 5. Central Plant Equipment, and 6. Special purpose rooms, e.g. computer/server rooms. Also to measure individual Energy Cost-saving Measures (ECM) for M&V (KW, KVA Demand, KWH). Panels assigned to tenants shall also be individually metered. | As required for Advanced Building Metering and Control with meters for separate load types (1. Lighting loads, 2. Receptacle loads, 3. Motor loads (VFD's), 4. Motor loads (Non-VFD's), 5. Central Plant Equipment, and 6. Special purpose rooms, e.g. computer/server rooms. Also to measure individual Energy Cost-saving Measures (ECM) for M&V (KW, KVA Demand, KWH). Panels assigned to tenants shall also be individually metered. | Yes | ASHRAE 90.1, LEED M&V Strandards | Describe advance building metering requirements. | Verify submittals and supplied meter specifications to verify compliance. | ||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Arc- Flash Reduction Maintenance Switches (ARMS) and Arc Flash Barriers | ||||||||||
| Arc Reduction Maintenance Switches (ARMS) | All Switchgear and Main Breaker at Motor Control Centers | All Switchgear and Main Breaker at Motor Control Centers | NFPA 70, 70E, NEMA, UL | Describe requirements of arc flash maintenance switches. | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | |||||
| Arc- Flash barriers upon insertion of equipment | All Switchgear Main Breakers and tie breakers. Motor Control Centers. | All Switchgear Main Breakers tie breakers, and feeder breakers. Motor Control Centers. | NFPA 70, 70E, NEMA, UL | Describe requirements of arc flash barriers. | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | |||||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Power Factor Correction | ||||||||||
| 95% PFC with harmonic-tuned filters | 95% PFC with autocontrols and harmonic-tuned filters | 95% PFC with autocontrols and active harmonic filters | 98% PFC with autocontrols and active harmonic filters | NFPA 70, NEMA | Describe power factor correction requirements. | Measure power factor using a power meter to confirm compliance with stated requirements. | ||||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Surge Protection Devices | ||||||||||
| 277/480 Volt distribution at Main Switchgear | SPD-2 (250KA) | SPD-2 (250KA) | SPD-2 (250KA) | SPD-2 (250KA) | UL 1449 Current Edition | Describe surge protection requirements at main switchgear. | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | |||
| 277/480V Volt distribution at Distribution Panels | SPD-2 (160KA) | SPD-2 (160KA) | SPD-2 (160KA) | SPD-2 (160KA) | UL 1449 Current Edition | Describe surge protection requirements at distribution panels. | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | |||
| 277/480V Volt Branch Panels | SPD-2 (50KA) | UL 1449 Current Edition | Describe surge protection requirements at branch panels. | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | ||||||
| 120/208V Volt Branch Panels | SPD-2 (50KA) | UL 1449 Current Edition | Describe surge protection requirements at branch panels. | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | ||||||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Lightning Protection Systems (LPS) | ||||||||||
| Lightning Protection Systems | Yes where required per NFPA evaluation | Yes where required per NFPA evaluation | Yes where required per NFPA evaluation | Yes where required per NFPA evaluation | Yes | Describe lightning protection system. | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | |||
| Lightning Protection Systems UL Compliance | UL 96 | UL 96 | UL 96 | UL 96 | Yes | UL 96, NFPA 780 | Describe lightning protection system. | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | ||
| Lightning Protection Systems UL Master Label Compliance | Master Label | Master Label | Yes | UL 96 (Master Label) | Describe lightning protection system. | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | ||||
| Surge Protection for building service, incoming copper cables and equipment per Master Label Requirements | Yes | Yes | Yes | UL 96 (Master Label) | Describe lightning surge protection requirements | Verify submittals and shop drawings from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | ||||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Grounding | ||||||||||
| Earth counterpoise | 5 Ohm to Earth (Engineered system based on earth testing and confirmed by fall-of-potential method.) | 2 Ohm to Earth (Engineered system based on earth testing and confirmed by fall-of-potential method.) | 1 Ohm to Earth (Engineered system based on earth testing and confirmed by fall-of-potential method.) | Yes | NFPA 70, IEEE, BICSI/TIA | Describe grounding requirements. | Measure grounding resistance using fall of potential method per IEEE 81 standard to verify compliance with stated values. | |||
| Separate grounding system for Lightning Protection System and single point bond to building counterpoise system. | 5 Ohm to Earth (Engineered system based on earth testing and confirmed by fall-of-potential method.) | 5 Ohm to Earth (Engineered system based on earth testing and confirmed by fall-of-potential method.) | 5 Ohm to Earth (Engineered system based on earth testing and confirmed by fall-of-potential method.) | NFPA 70, 780, UL 96 | Describe grounding requirements. | Measure grounding resistance using fall of potential method per IEEE 81 standard to verify compliance with stated values. | ||||
| Equipment Grounding Conductors | All low voltage power distribution systems must be supplemented with a separate, insulated ground conductor routed with the phase and neutral conductors. | Describe grounding conductor requirements | Verify provision of grounding conductors for each of the low voltage distribution systems. | |||||||
| Attribute | Baseline | ★ Tier 1 High Performance | ★★ Tier 2 High Performance | ★★★ Tier 3 High Performance | Verification | |||||
| Measurements & Verification | Plans & Specifications | Calculations & Analysis | Reference Standard | Design Basis of Design | Construction Verification | |||||
| Uninteruptible Power Systems (ABS) | ||||||||||
| Efficiency | Double conversion efficiency of 95% from 25% to 100% load | Double conversion efficiency of 95% from 25% to 100% load | IGBT rectifier and IGBT inverter Double conversion efficiency of 96% from 25% to 100% load | IGBT rectifier and IGBT inverter Double conversion efficiency of 97% from 25% to 100% load | Yes | Describe UPS efficiency requirements. | Verify submittals from manufacturer for supplied units to verify compliance. | |||
| Power Factor - Output | 80% | 80% | 90% | 90% | Yes | Describe UPS output power factor requirements. | Measure output power factor using a power meter to confirm compliance with stated requirements. | |||
| Power Factor - Input | 80% | 80% | 90% | 100% | Yes | Describe UPS input power factor requirements. | Measure input power factor using a power meter to confirm compliance with stated requirements. | |||
| Input Harmonics | <30% current THD | Rectifier with filters for <7% current THD | IGBT rectifier for <5% current THD | IGBT rectifier for <5% current THD | Certified Representative Factory Test Report | Describe UPS THD requirements. | Measure harmonics using a power meter per IEEE 519 standard to confirm compliance with stated requirements. | |||